FaceReader
Ethics in facial expression analysis
FaceReader is a software tool for scientific research in areas such as human communication, emotions and human-machine interaction. It is used in over 1,000 universities, research institutes and corporate R&D laboratories around the world.
Examples of research applications
Research into adequate emotional responses of parents when infants are crying
Relationship between food choice, emotions and depression
The role of physicians' bias in working with depressed cardiac patients
Acceptance of healthier food by consumers, for example containing less salt or meat substitutes
User experience assessment of digital media
Pain experience by people who cannot express themselves, for example babies or patients with dementia
What FaceReader analyzes
FaceReader analyzes basic facial expressions, facial action units, affective states, valence and arousal. In addition, it can measure facial gestures, head orientation, chewing, talking, and much more.
FaceReader is not capable of recognizing or identifying faces or people, and therefore unsuitable for mass surveillance of people for security purposes. It is also impossible to use FaceReader as a 'lie detector'.
Nevertheless, we fully understand that there can be some discomfort about technology that is capable of analyzing facial expressions. Therefore, Noldus disapproves of the use of FaceReader without informed consent from the individuals whose facial expressions are being captured.
Informed consent
How consent is obtained may differ depending on the application, but the responsibility for acquiring consent rests with the user of the software.
Consent can be obtained by an explicit opt-in before the software is being activated.
A notification that makes it clear to persons that they can decide whether or not to participate may be suitable.
It should be made clear what the collected information will be used for, with whom it will be shared, and where, how, and for how long it will be stored.
Sustainable development and quality of life
With the development of tools for measuring behavior, health, and wellbeing, Noldus Information Technology wants to contribute to sustainable development and quality of life. Face reading has the potential of being a powerful technology contributing to this ambition.
Consequently, we have a strict policy related to the use of FaceReader, including embedding it into third-party products, services or systems, which requires prior approval of Noldus Information Technology.
Applications we do not allow
Our software is designed specifically for research or training. Noldus Information Technology does not allow the use of FaceReader for the following applications:
Active defense, i.e. embedding FaceReader in a weapon system.
Biometric data collection in criminal, security-related or similar investigations or procedures.
Surveillance of people in public spaces for security purposes.
Any other use that may potentially violate fundamental human rights.
Noldus Information Technology will not sell FaceReader to customers who intend to use the product for such applications. When applicable, we may ask customers to provide an end-use statement.