Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the broad discipline of creating systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include problem-solving, understanding language, and visual perception. AI includes various approaches such as rule-based systems, statistical models, and machine learning to build systems that can mimic or enhance human cognitive abilities.

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI that focuses on developing algorithms that enable systems to learn from data and make decisions without being explicitly programmed. ML systems improve their performance over time by identifying patterns in the data and adjusting their behavior accordingly.

Deep learning (DL) is a specialized subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers, which allows the system to automatically discover intricate patterns in large datasets, such as images or speech. DL models are particularly well-suited for complex tasks like image recognition, speech processing, and language translation.