CatWalk XT - Appendices
Last updated: Jul 25, 2026
Describes the Support Formula and Footfall Formula. Describes the computation of descriptive statistics for circular distributions of data such as phase lags during locomotion. Written by Dr. Frank Hamers. A - Install the Ethernet card for the camera
A Install The Ethernet Card For The Camera
Main Steps
Prerequisites
You need a 1-Gb (gigabit) Ethernet network interface card (desktop computers only). Contact your Noldus representative if you need to purchase such card or you are not sure whether your card is compatible.
Procedure
Follow the instructions in this section when you install CatWalk XT on a new computer, and you want to acquire data with that computer. 1. Install the Ethernet network interface card in your CatWalk XT computer (see below). 2. Install the Ethernet network interface card driver software (see page 165).
Notes
If you purchased the computer from Noldus, the steps above are already done. You can skip this section. In all other cases: You must first install the Ethernet card, then the CatWalk XT software! The Ethernet card is necessary when you acquire runs - that is when the software records the video through the Ethernet connection. You do not need to install the Ethernet card if you use CatWalk XT to classify and analyze runs previously acquired on a different computer.
Install The Ethernet Card
tip Watch the video of the installation of the Ethernet card. On the CatWalk XT installation disc open the folder ...\Videos\Installation Instructions\ and double-click installation_ instructionscatwalkxt.exe. 1. Turn off your computer and all connected peripherals, such as the monitor and printer. 2. Unplug the computer and its peripherals. 3. Remove the PC's case according to the instructions provided in its user manual. When touching the board, its electronic components can be damaged by static electricity. To avoid any such risk, make sure that you are grounded. You can ground A - Install the Ethernet card for the camera yourself by putting on an earthing wristlet, and attaching its clip to the metal frame of the computer. If an earthing wristlet is not available, you can hold the metal frame with one hand while holding the Ethernet card in your other hand. Ensure also that your clothing does not touch any components while handling the card. 4. Select a free PCIe expansion slot and remove the corresponding extension cover making sure that the screw is put aside safely. 5. Unpack the Ethernet card, place it into the slot, and press it carefully into position. If the card does not fit into place easily, remove it and repeat the operation. 6. Fix the card to the chassis using the screw retained earlier and re-fit the computer's cover. PCIe card slots are marked on the motherboard, for example SLOT3-PCIe2x1. If possible, choose the PCIe slot with highest performance. This is estimated by the version number (for example PCIe2x1 is version 2); the higher the version number, the higher the performance.
Install The Ethernet Card Driver
The driver for the Ethernet card is installed automatically when you install the CatWalk XT software. In case you need to uninstall the driver, in the Control Panel, choose Programs and Features, and uninstall eBUS Runtime 64-bit. To re-install the driver, start the file CatWalk XT - Setup - [version number].exe. Select Repair and click Next.
Notes
You can download the setup file from my.noldus.com. The eBus Runtime software includes two drivers, one for Ethernet connections and one for USB3 Vision connections. CatWalk XT uses only the driver for Ethernet connection, the Universal Pro Driver for Ethernet. A - Install the Ethernet card for the camera important After turning on the CatWalk system and the CatWalk computer, it can take a couple of minutes for the camera to be detected (indicated by the Acquiring network icon in the task bar). Please do not start CatWalk before the camera has been detected. B - Troubleshooting
B Troubleshooting
See the following main topics:
general issues (below)
paw prints (page 169)
data analysis and export (page 173).
General Issues
CatWalk XT crashes
Please send our Support department the log file which contains all the information needed for us to find the cause of the crash. The log file is located in the following folder: C:\ProgramData\Noldus\CatWalk\XT 10.7\Log\CatWalk XT.log.
CatWalk XT does not start anymore
If you start CatWalk XT for the first time on a computer with multiple user accounts as the administrator, other standard users are not able to use CatWalk XT anymore. This is because the configuration files, which are created the first time you start CatWalk XT, can in this case only be accessed by the administrator and not by other users. To solve this, the administrator should delete all files and folders from C:\ProgramData\Noldus\CatWalk\XT 10.7. After this, only standard users should start CatWalk XT.
An error message appears during conversion of an old experiment
When opening experiments saved in older CatWalk XT versions, you may get a message like "An error occurred during the conversion of experiment [experiment name]". Do the following: 1. Click OK and Cancel and close CatWalk XT. 2. In Windows Explorer, go to the CatWalk Experiments folder and delete the complete [experiment name] folder which contains the experiment you wanted to convert. Do not try to open the *.cwe file from the [experiment name] folder! 3. In CatWalk XT, restore the backup file that was created when you opened the experiment (step 3 in Open a CatWalk XT 8/9/10.0/10.5/10.6 experiment on page 147). B - Troubleshooting Possible causes for a conversion error are: The disk to which you try to save the experiment is full. You do not have write permission for the CatWalk Experiment folder. There is an error in the Experiment or Experiment folder. In this case, send the backup file
An error message appears when opening a run
If you get a message "An error occurred while loading the data of run Run#", it means the run is corrupt. We advise you to delete this run. To delete a run, do one of the following: In the Experiment Explorer, right-click a run and select Delete. Open the Acquisition screen, select the corresponding trial and select Live video in the View list. Click one or more runs in the Acquired Runs list and click the Delete Run(s) button.
The camera is not detected
If the camera is not detected by CatWalk XT, wait some time. After starting up the computer and CatWalk XT, it sometimes takes about a minute before the Ethernet card detects the camera indicated by the 'connecting to network' icon in the Windows task bar. If you do not see the live camera image, it is likely that the driver is not installed or not installed properly. See install the ethernet card driver on page 165.
CatWalk led lights not bright
This may happen when you turn on the CatWalk Control Unit and the walkway switch is still turned off. Turn off the Control Unit by unplugging the power plug, set the walkway switch to ON and turn on the Control Unit again.
Camera gain reached minimum value
In the Detection Settings, you might get the message that the Camera Gain reached its minimum value of 6 during auto-detection. This can occur when you use a heavy animal (for example, >300 gr.) for auto-detection. In this case, increase the intensity of the Green Walkway Light by 0.25 and run the auto-detection again. Repeat these steps until the Camera Gain reaches a value higher than 10.
A run does not stop after the animal leaves the walkway
The background image may no longer be valid. Always grab a new background image after cleaning the walkway or moving the corridor walls. B - Troubleshooting
Paw Prints
The paw prints are shown in gray
When paw prints are shown in gray, it means that they are not selected in the currently active Data Segmentation profile. This also means that those prints are excluded from analysis. To include those prints, use the default Data Segmentation profile All Data, or modify the one currently selected. See Select the data on page 92.
There are no rectangles around the paw prints
This can happen when, due to a high Camera Gain value or high light intensity in the room where CatWalk is set up, the abdomen or even the complete ventral side of the animal is detected as a paw print (that is, lights up in green in the video window in CatWalk. See the figure below for an example). When this is the case AND in the Acquisition Settings the option Discard incomplete prints at the start and end of a run is selected, the following happens: as soon as the animal enters the camera view, the ventral side of the body overlaps with the border of the camera image, and, because of the selected option, the whole body (that is, all the prints) is discarded. To prevent this from happening, deselect the option Discard incomplete prints at the start and end of a run.
The mark UN does not appear during classification
Choose Setup > Classification Settings. In the window that opens, de-select both options. B - Troubleshooting The paw prints look faint, or irregular. This may have multiple causes: (a) the camera gain is too low, (b) the walkway lights are too dim, or (c) the green intensity threshold is too high. 1. In the classification screen, click the Adjust the Green Intensity Threshold button. De- select Show filtered out signals. When you move the slider to the right, the prints should shrink and then disappear. When you move the slider to the left, more and more of the prints should appear in green. Change this setting until the prints look good. However this change only affects that run. If that solves the issue, in the Detection Settings, make the same change to the green intensity threshold there to apply to all future runs. 2. If the previous step does not help, the issue may lie in the camera gain or the lights. Go to the Detection Settings (Setup > Detection Settings). Set the Green Intensity Threshold fairly low, for example 0.05. With an animal running across the walkway, look at the value in the middle for Maximum Green Intensity. During a run, this value should be around 200-205. If the animal stops, or walks more times in the same place, the value increases. Click the Reset Prints button to clear that value and try again. If the Maximum Green Intensity is much lower than about 200, raise the Camera Gain. If you raise the Camera Gain to 20 or higher and the maximum green intensity is still too low, also raise the Green Walkway Light setting (only a little bit at a time). Keep clicking Reset Prints while the animal runs back and forth to get new measures. Avoid having the camera gain above 20 as it produces more noise. 3. Once the Camera Gain is set, with a low Green Intensity Threshold you will probably also have a lot of other noise in the image. Now start adjusting that threshold value. You want to get nice clean images of the prints but no green noise anywhere else. If you raise the Green Intensity Threshold too high, you'll start losing the prints themselves. Play with this setting till the prints look good.
A paw print is not recognized by the Automatic Footprint Classification
This may happen when a paw print has consistently a low value of Max Intensity, and this value is lower then the minimum set in the Classification Settings. Choose Setup > Classification Settings. Next to Only assign a label..., reduce the value of minimum acceptable Max Intensity. Next, repeat automatic classification. B - Troubleshooting
The Automatic Footprint Classification does not seem to work well
This may occur in two cases: (a) when prints are too light, because the gain in the detection settings is too low, or the noise threshold is too high, or (b) when there is too much noise that confuses the system, because the gain is too high or the noise threshold too low. Especially in the case where there is too much noise, you can adjust the noise threshold in the classification. Click the button Adjust the Green Intensity Threshold and use the slider to raise or lower the threshold. A lower threshold will show more of the prints and noise, while a higher threshold will remove more of them. Your goal is to have only the prints left, as complete as possible, but no noise. The closer you get to that situation, the better a job auto classification will do. If you consistently need to adjust the noise threshold, it's best to do so in the Detection Settings. That is also the only place you can adjust the camera Gain (sensitivity). The Gain can only be adjusted for future trials, not for those which have already been acquired.
Paw prints look incomplete in the Interactive Footprint Measurements screen
See the arrow in 3 in Figure A.1. When the footprint is shown in the Interactive Footprint Measurements screen, it is enlarged by means of smoothing and anti-aliasing algorithms. Pixels that are outside the border of the footprint rectangle, which contain no data by definition, are "translated" to blue pixels. This may result in effects like that in 3, especially if the image resolution is low. To reduce this effect, place the camera closer to the walkway. Tip: In the Interactive Footprint Measurements screen, right-click the Footprint image and select Switch to 'Normal Color' mode. That way the artifact is less evident. Figure A.1 This scheme shows how the footprint in the IFM may look incomplete. 1 - Original footprint as displayed in the Classification screen. This corresponds to the original pixels used for analysis. 2 - The same image, zoomed in, not resized. 3 - Image in the IFM screen, after resizing. B - Troubleshooting
I want to include non-compliant runs in my data set
In the lower-left corner, under Data Segmentation Profiles, double-click All Data. In the window that opens, make sure that the two check boxes at the top are not selected. Then click OK and run analysis.
How can I separate two paw prints that are near each other?
When two paw prints are very near each other, drawing a box around one of the prints is likely to include parts of the other print. 1. Draw a box that only covers (part of) the first paw print, and select Add Print. If a box is already defined around both paw prints, remove that box (right-click and select Remove Print). 2. Draw more boxes for the remaining parts of the paw print, but try not to include the second paw print. Keep selecting Add Print. Each box is now labeled as UN. 3. Draw a larger box around all the boxes and select the paw print you want. 4. Repeat the steps for the other paw print. B - Troubleshooting
The Automatic detection of paw prints does not work anymore
This could be caused by the glass plate that is not longer in its place. In that case illumination is no longer uniform, that is, only the left or right parts of the catwalk the paw prints are found. Check that it has not been pulled or pushed during transport of the system, and that both the left and right sides of the walkway are equally visible. If you move the system to another location, always do this by pushing/pulling the whole CatWalk stand, not the glass plate!
Data Analysis And Export
The group means do not correspond to what I calculate using the exported data
This occurs because of the way the group means are calculated. In CatWalk XT, the group mean of a variable is calculated by taking the means of the trials that corresponds to that group. So if a group contains 10 trials, the mean is calculated over the 10 trial averages, irrespective of the "weight" of each trial, that is, of how many runs each trial contains. If you consider the single runs, the overall mean value for that group differ from that given by CatWalk XT.
The circular charts look distorted when exported
When being exported to image files, the circular charts may look stretched or squeezed. To solve this, click the Chart Settings button and select the same value of Chart width, Chart height and Chart size (the latter under Circular charts). Next, export the charts again. C - Gait formulas
C Gait Formulas
A gait formula starts at Initial Contact (IC) of the left hind paw after all paws have been placed at least once. The Step Cycle then runs until the next IC of the left hind paw. In the Support tab of the Run Statistics, each Step Cycle is put on a separate row.
Support Formula
During each Step Cycle paws are subsequently raised and placed, leading to different numbers of paws on the ground. The Step Cycle can be subdivided in a number (often 8) of subsequent sections during which different numbers of paws are touching the ground. The Support formula just provides the number of paws on the ground during each section, in the following way: 2 - 3 - 2 - 3 - 2 - 3 - 2 - 3 or 4 - 3 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 3 or 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 Note that the Support formula does not describe which paws are on the ground, nor how long each section is (in relation to the total Step Cycle).
Footfall Formula
The Footfall formula supplies some of the information which is missing in the Support formula, namely information on which paws are touching the floor during each section, but without information about the relative length of these sections. The Footfall formula can be notated in several graphical ways, but use an alphanumeric notation in the CatWalk program, as follows: 0 No paw touching the ground I One paw touching the ground ILH left hind paw on the ground ILF left front paw on the ground C - Gait formulas IRF right front paw on the ground IRH right hind paw on the ground II Two paws touching the ground IIG Girdle pairs IIGF front paws on the ground IIGH hind paws on the ground IIL Ipsilateral pairs IILL Left side on the ground IILR Right side on the ground IID Diagonal pairs IIDL Left front paw and right hind paw on the ground IIDR Right front paw and left hind paw on the ground III One paw off the ground IIILH Left hind paw off the ground IIILF Left front paw off the ground IIIRF Right front paw off the ground IIIRH Right hind paw off the ground IV Four paws on the ground A possible footfall formula is then as follows: IIILF - IIDR - IIIRH - IILL - IIIRF - IIDL - IIILH - IILR These labels allow us to refer to specific combinations of placed paws and to assign durations (relative to that of the total Step Cycle) to them for further analysis. Especially interesting is the total duration spent in I's combined, and the total in IIG's and/or IIL's combined, as these are unstable (mass-midpoint of the animal is far from the point(s) of support). D - Circular Distributions
D Circular Distributions
This appendix describes the computation of descriptive statistics for circular distributions of data such as phase lags during locomotion. It provides a very short summary of chapter 26 from Biostatistical Analysis by Zar (1998). Special statistical tests are available for circular distributions. See Zar (1998), Chapter 27. tip Open the Excel file Calculate Circular Statistics of Phase Dispersions and Couplings.xlsx that you can find under C:\Program Files\Noldus\CatWalk XT 10\Documentation. Enter the values of Phase Dispersions and Couplings obtained in runs or trials and see how the main statistics are computed.
The Circular Mean
If we have a sample consisting of phase lags (periodic on the range 0-100), denoted as through , then the mean of these phase lags, , is to be an estimate of the average phase lag angle in the sampled population . To compute the sample mean phase lag, we first consider the rectangular coordinates of the mean phase lag: and Then the quantity is computed. This is the length of the mean vector, which will be discussed later.
(E.1)
(E.2)
(E.3)
a1 an D - Circular Distributions The value of a is determined as the angle having the following cosine and sine: and It is also true that
Therefore, the Circular Mean (CStat Mean (%) in CatWalk XT) is
Interpreting The Mean And R
CatWalk XT reports the CStat Mean in percentage of the step cycle duration. For Phase Dispersions, it ranges from -50 % to +50 %. For Couplings, it ranges from 0 % to 100 %. The value R ranges from 0 and 1. Both CStat Mean and R are important: we can interpret them as a vector with length R and direction . The vector starts at the midpoint of a circle with a radius of 1.00 and ends at the mass midpoint of the phase lag values that are positioned at the circle itself. In the next figure, you find an example of the average of two values of Phase Dispersions, here represented as dots on a circle. X and Y are the average x- and y- coordinates of the dots in a 2D space. The angle formed by the vector is halfway between the two dots. The length of the vector describes the dispersion of the dots around the mean.
(E.4)
(E.5)
(E.6)
(E.7)
D - Circular Distributions Now imagine to add a few more dots between the two existing ones. The more dots you add, the more the average coordinates X,Y will get closer to the circle. This means that the vector length R will increase. The greater R, the better the direction of the vector is defined, because the data points agree with each other (see the next figure, left). However, if you place points at other locations, far from each other, (right), the length of the vector is reduced, and R is low. Consequently, the value of the mean is a bad measure for the average Phase Dispersion because it represents a group of very different locations on the percentages circle. In other words, R helps you quantify the credibility of the average. When contrasting Phase Dispersions between two experimental groups, you may find a significant difference in R, not in CStat Mean. This means that the two groups do not differ in the average timing of one paw (target, T) relative to the other (anchor, A). However, the higher value of R in one of the two groups indicates lower between-subject variability in the temporal position of T relative to A (see the figure above, left) than in the other group (see the figure above, right). We can visualize this difference in the following way. The subjects in the group with higher R walk more uniformly (see the next figure, top) than those in the group with a low R (see the next figure, bottom), although the average position of T relative to A is not different between the two groups. D - Circular Distributions
Measures Of Spread Around The Mean
Angular Deviation
The vector length R is used to compute the Angular Deviation (CStat AD in CatWalk XT), which is defined as follows: The Angular deviation ranges from a minimum of 0 when R = 1, to a maximum of 22.508 ) when R = 0. note The Angular Deviation CStat AD is the same as the CStat Standard Deviation in CatWalk XT 10.6 and earlier versions. Make sure this does not generate confusion when examining old experiments.
Circular Standard Deviation
An alternative measure which ranges from 0 to
, the Circular standard deviation (CStat SD
in CatWalk XT), is defined as follows:
(E.8)
(E.9)
100/22 D - Circular Distributions The Circular standard deviation s0 ranges from 0 to , therefore it more closely resembles the standard deviation on a linear scale. However, it is reasonable to assume that circular have a limited spread; in that case Angular Deviation may be a better option. note The Circular Standard Deviation CStat SD is not the same as the CStat Standard Deviation in CatWalk XT 10.6 and earlier versions. Make sure this does not generate confusion when examining old experiments. Note that Angular Deviation and Circular Standard Deviation tend to converge as the data cluster around the mean.
The Circular Group Mean
When calculating Group statistics (Analyze > View Group Statistics and Charts), the group mean CStat Mean is calculated with the same formulas as for the mean of single values of Phase Dispersions and Couplings (see page 176). example A group includes three trials. The per-trial averages of Couplings are 5 %, 95 % and 100 %. The circular mean provided by CatWalk XT is 0 % (that is the same as 100 %). Using the arithmetic mean would result in a value (66,67 %) far from the original ones.
The Excel Sheet "calculate Circular Statistics"
If you are not familiar with circular statistics, you can practice with the Excel sheet Calculate Circular Statistics for Phase Dispersions and Couplings.xlsx, which you can find in the same folder as this manual: C:\Program Files\Noldus\CatWalk XT 10\Documentation 1. Open the Excel file. 2. Enter the values of Phase Dispersions or Couplings, for example those displayed in CatWalk XT for a specific run. D - Circular Distributions 3. Explore the formulas that lead to the main results: CStat Mean (%), CStat Angular Deviation (%) and CStat Standard Deviation (%). 4. Enter one or more values in the Values (%) column, to see the effect on the statistics and on the orientation of the vector in the chart that is shown on the right.
Notes
If CStat Mean is negative, and you prefer to have positive values, locate the Complementary Mean (%). Do this especially when you enter the values of Couplings. For example, if the CStat Mean (%) is -25 %, the complementary mean valid in the range for Couplings (0-100 %) is 75 %. The formulas for calculating circular statistics are protected and cannot be changed. There may be small differences between the statistics given by CatWalk XT and those in the Excel sheet. In general they do not exceed 0.01% and are the effect of rounding of cell values. You can increase the number of decimals in CatWalk XT (File > Preferences > Number of Decimals) to better locate those differences.
Confidence Limits For The Population Mean
CatWalk XT does not calculate the confidence limits for the mean. You can calculate the confidence limits as:
ā ± d (E.10)
where d is defined as follows (if n > 8). For , and
(E.11)
0.9 2a 1 / 2n D - Circular Distributions and for where R = nr, and the significance level. Critical values for the distribution with 1 degree of freedom ( ) are given in table D.1. Table D.1. Critical values for the 2 distribution with v=1 (Zar 1998, table B.1).
(E.12)
Confidence interval 0.999 0.001 10.282 0.995 0.005 7.879 0.990 0.010 6.635 0.975 0.025 5.024 0.950 0.050 3.841 0.900 0.100 2.706 0.750 0.250 1.323 0.500 0.500 0.455 0.9 a 1 E - Protocol for training and testing using the Noldus goal box
E Protocol For Training And Testing Using The Noldus Goal Box
F - References
F References
For a complete and up-to-date list CatWalk XT publications, see our web page See also Application examples on page 135. Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hunter RT (1989). Functional evaluation of complete sciatic, peroneal, and posterior tibial nerve lesions in the rat. Plast Reconstr Surg 83: 129-136. Coulthard P, Pleuvry BJ, Brewster M, Wilson KL, Macfarlane TV (2002). Gait analysis as an objective measure in a chronic pain model. J Neurosci Methods 116: 197- 213. Coulthard P, Simjee SU, Pleuvry BJ (2003). Gait analysis as a correlate of pain induced by carrageenan intraplantar injection. J Neurosci Methods 128: 95-102. Hamers FPT, Lankhorst, AJ, Van Laar, TJ, Veldhuis, WB, Gispen WH (2001). Automated quantitative gait analysis during overground locomotion in the rat: its application to spinal cord contusion and transection injuries. J Neurotrauma 18: 187- 201. Hamers FPT, Koopmans GC, Joosten EAJ. (2006) CatWalk assisted gait analysis in the assessment of spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 24: 537-548. Hildebrand M (1976). Analysis of tetrapod gaits: general considerations and symmetrical gaits. In: Herman RM, Grillner S, Stein PSG, Stuart DG, Neural control of locomotion, Plenum, NY. Inserra MM, Bloch DA, Terris, DJ (1998). Functional indices for sciatic, peroneal, and posterior tibial nerve lesions in the mouse. Microsurgery 18: 119-124. Kloos AD, Fisher LC, Detloff MR, Hassenzahl DL, Basso DM (2005). Stepwise motor and all-or- none sensory recovery is associated with nonlinear sparing after incremental spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 191: 251-265. Koopmans GC, Honig WMM, Hamers FPT, Steinbusch HWM, Joosten EAJ (2005). The assessment of locomotor behavior in spinal cord injured rats; the importance of objective analysis of locomotion. J Neurotrauma 22: 214-225. Vrinten DH, Hamers FPT (2003). 'CatWalk' automated quantitative gait analysis as a novel method to assess mechanical allodynia in the rat; a comparison with von Frey testing. Pain 102: 203-209. Zar JH (1998). Biostatistical Analysis, 4th edition. Prentice Hall: NJ. G - History of CatWalk
G History Of CatWalk
(Text by Frank Hamers, MD, PhD - October 24, 2005) CatWalk was developed by Dr. Frank Hamers (Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands) as a research tool for his work on functional recovery from spinal cord contusion injury in the rat. Development started in the summer of 1996, after he had spent a month at the lab of Dr. Michael Beattie and Jacqueline Bresnahan at OSU (Columbus, OH) to gain experience with the newly developed Basso- Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale (BBB-test), a very sensitive and reproducible open- field test for assessment of locomotor recovery in this animal model. An important landmark in the BBB-test is the return of FL-HL coordination, something which may be difficult to see with the naked eye. The definition used in the BBB-score is an operational one as it is impossible to follow all four paws at the same time: even with two observers (the recommended setup for BBB-testing) each observer only sees at most three paws at the same time. Several months earlier, Frank Hamers had read some papers written by Kenneth Clarke (University of Sheffield, UK) who used a special walkway which enables evaluation of the presence of paw-floor contact with unprecedented detail for his own research on gait development in rat puppies. Frank Hamers believed that such a walkway might be used to enable better evaluation of FL-HL coordination in spinal cord lesioned animals and back in Utrecht a prototype of the walkway was built: it behaved as expected. The first full-featured walkway was built in a weekend by Jan Brakkee, the chief biotechnician in the regeneration group and several other have been built by the author himself after that. Frank Hamers had well-developed software engineering skills - in fact, since he enrolled in the lab as a PhD student in 1988 he largely automated data acquisition in the whole of the regeneration group - and as such he set out to write a simple videotaping program to capture animals crossing the walkway. This was the prototypical CatWalk program which eventually evolved into the program such as it is now. This evolution was driven by Frank Hamers' own research questions, and those of his collaborators using the system, the more as regeneration research was banned from the Pharmacology & Anatomy lab shortly after 2001. For instance, assessment of coordination is just one of the many things that the program can be used for and its ability to assess FL-HL coordination in an unbiased way has only recently been combined with the BBB-test by Guido Koopmans, a former PhD student in Bert Joosten's lab at Maastricht University. The first meaningful results with the system were presented at the Annual Neurotrauma Symposium in Miami Beach in November 1999. The second and third systems were set up by Frank Hamers at Jacqui Bresnahan's lab at OSU and at Barbara Bregman's lab at Georgetown University in September 2000, followed almost immediately by a system in Joost Verhaagen's lab at the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research in Amsterdam. Since then, the number of installed systems has greatly expanded and the value of the system in many different nervous system lesion models and others becomes increasingly more clear. G - History of CatWalk
Acknowledgments
(Text by Frank Hamers, MD, PhD - October 24, 2005) The CatWalk system would not have been possible without Dr Willem Hendrik Gispen, the leading force behind nerve regeneration research in Utrecht and originally my PhD thesis advisor. During his tenure as scientific director of the Department of Pharmacology & Anatomy and that of the Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience -which was his creation- he inspired clinical and basic scientists to collaborate on the most difficult problems in (clinical) neurosciences. After completion of my PhD thesis on cisplatin neuropathy he offered me a position in his staff and as such I eventually started spinal cord research: In 1996 I visited the Beattie/Bresnahan lab at OSU to learn the BBB-score, and I returned with the idea to further objectify assessment of FL-HL coordination in this test. In this I was fully supported by Willem Hendrik Gispen. Jan Brakkee spent a weekend in his workshop at home to build a walkway. All (PhD) students helped in testing, and it was together with Dr Alex Lankhorst that I published the first validation studies. Dr Tinna Ängeby-Möller from AstraZeneca Pain Research in Sweden was the first one with the idea to use this device for quantification of pain. Drs Dorien Vrinten and Tineke Vogelaar have been most appreciated collaborators on the pain and peripheral nerve regeneration studies. On the other side of the ocean, Drs Jacqueline Bresnahan and Michael Beattie have been my strongest supporters ever since they got a demonstration of the walkway's abilities. Implementation of the phase lag parameters was driven by Dr Michelle Basso. Their continuing input in and promotion of the system are very much appreciated. Dr Joost Verhaagen, like Drs Beattie and Bresnahan in the US, has been one of my staunchest supporters in Europe, and I hope that I can continue the very rewarding collaboration with members of his lab on problems related to nerve regeneration. My foremost collaborator in the last three years has been Dr Bert Joosten. After his move from Utrecht to Maastricht he needed to start his own behavioural research and he decided to set up a CatWalk system as well. In Maastricht he also entered the pain field, and all his students use CatWalk, either for SCI or for pain, and they generate lots of data, questions and discussion. And it was Guido Koopmans (2005), one of Bert's PhD students, who eventually showed that CatWalk can be used to more reliably assess FL-HL coordination than open-field testing, enabling one to observe otherwise missed treatment effects. But my most important supporter over the years has been my wife, Ingeborg, who did not complain when I worked at the program in the evenings and weekends, and who fully supported my regular lab and conference-visits abroad, despite her own demanding job and the doubled household/childcare obligations with me abroad. H - Declaration of Conformity
H Declaration Of Conformity
H - Declaration of Conformity I - End-User License Agreement
I End-User License Agreement
IMPORTANT - READ CAREFULLY. Please read this End-User License Agreement ("EULA" or "Agreement") carefully before checking the "accept" checkbox, downloading or using the Software (as defined below). By checking the "accept" checkbox, downloading, installing or otherwise using the Software, End-User agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this EULA. If you do not agree to the terms and conditions of this EULA, do not check the "accept" checkbox and do not download, install or use the Software. The Software is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. The Software is licensed, not sold. 1. DEFINITIONS Terms used in this EULA but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning assigned to them below: 1.1. Authorized Partner: the individual or legal entity that has been granted permission by Noldus to promote, sell or otherwise distribute the Software on behalf of Noldus. 1.2. End-User: the individual or legal entity that has acquired or uses the Software under the terms and conditions of this EULA. 1.3. EULA: this End-User License Agreement. 1.4. Indirect Losses: any indirect loss, claim, damage, liability, or expenses (including reasonable attorney's fees), including lost profits, and damage due to the stagnation of business operations. 1.5. Network License: a licensing mechanism comprising a license file and accompanying software managing the number of concurrent users of the Software. 1.6. Noldus: Noldus Information Technology BV, with registered office at Nieuwe Kanaal 5, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands, listed in the Trade Register under Chamber of Commerce number 09094422, or its subsidiaries listed in the document https:// 1.7. Security System: a system of software protection to limit installation and use of the Software to the authorized End-Users and computers. 1.8. Security Device: a device that forms part of or is attached to the computer, and is used as part of the Security System to control access to the Software. 1.9. Software: the software (including, but not limited to, any updates, upgrades and associated media, printed or electronic documentation and online services) provided to the End-User by Noldus or an Authorized Partner together with this EULA, that is not covered by third party terms and conditions and is included in the list under "Noldus software" in the I - End-User License Agreement noldus_gtc.pdf). 2. LICENSE 2.1. Upon payment by the End-User of the license fees for the Software, Noldus grants End- User a revocable, non-exclusive license to download, install and use the Software in accordance with the terms and conditions of this EULA. This EULA does not grant any rights to obtaining future upgrades, updates or supplements of the Software. If upgrades, updates or supplements of the Software are obtained, however, the use of such upgrades or updates is governed by this EULA and the amendments that may accompany them and may be subject to additional payments and conditions. 2.2. The End-User may download, install and use the Software on as many computers as is reasonably necessary, however the Software may not be shared or used concurrently on more computers than for which EULA's are granted. End-User shall take all reasonably required steps to ensure that this number is not exceeded. 2.3. End-User is allowed to store or install a copy of the Software for back-up or archival purposes. 2.4. End-User shall not (i) modify, alter, adapt, merge, decompile or reverse-engineer the Software or any part thereof nor create any derivative works based on all or any part of the Software, or (ii) remove or obscure any copyright, trademark or other ownership notices from the Software, or (iii) sub-license, sell, rent, lease, hire, loan, assign or otherwise transfer the Software or your rights in the Software or any part thereof, except as provided for in this EULA. 2.5. The Software may be protected by a Security System, including but not limited to the use of expiry dates, time-limited or feature-limited licenses, authorization codes, Security Devices and Network Licensing. End-User is prohibited to (attempt to) remove, alter or circumvent in any way any part of such Security System. 2.6. End-User is responsible for regular, frequent and effective backups of all files produced or modified while working with the Software. 3. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 3.1. All title, copyright and other industrial, intellectual or proprietary rights in and to the Software (including but not limited to any images, photographs, animations, video, audio, music, and text incorporated into the Software), the accompanying printed materials, and any copies of the Software are owned by Noldus or its Authorized Partners. All rights not expressly granted are reserved by Noldus. 3.2. The Software may include or make use of third party software, including open source software. Such third party software may be subject to the third party's terms and conditions provided in the documentation accompanying the Software and may contain copyright or other industrial, intellectual or proprietary rights of such third party. End-User hereby agrees I - End-User License Agreement to the terms and conditions for such third party software. In the absence of any third party terms and conditions, this EULA will govern the third party software in the Software. 3.3. End-User may, from time to time, provide Noldus with comments, suggestions, data, information or feedback ("Feedback") on the Software. End-User acknowledges and agrees that such Feedback may be freely used by Noldus, at its sole discretion, for the design, development, improvement, marketing and commercialization of its products and services, without any restrictions based on confidentiality or intellectual property rights. 4. TRANSFER 4.1. End-User is entitled to make a one-time, permanent transfer of this EULA and Software only directly to one other End-User. This transfer must include all of the Software (including all component parts, the media and printed materials, any upgrades and this EULA). Such transfer may not be by way of consignment or any other indirect transfer and shall be subject to the following provisions: a. End-User will provide to Noldus prior to any such transfer the full name and address details of the new End-User and the expected date of transfer in writing; b. The new End-User understands and agrees to all the terms and conditions of this EULA in the same way as if the new End-User had obtained the Software from Noldus or an Authorized Partner; c. End-User will destroy all (partial) copies of the Software and all accompanying materials, including but not limited to installed copies and any backup copies on data storage devices and guarantee to Noldus in writing that this has been done. If the Software is an upgrade, any transfer must include all prior versions of the Software; d. Noldus reserves the right to levy an administrative charge upon the End-User and/or the new End-User in relation to transfer of the Software to an End-User. 4.2. Any attempted transfer without prior written permission from Noldus shall constitute a material breach of this Agreement and shall be deemed null and void. 5. TERM; TERMINATION 5.1. The EULA shall enter into force on the date of acceptance by the End-User and continue until terminated in accordance with this Section 5. 5.2. If the Software is licensed on a subscription basis, the EULA shall continue until the end of the current subscription period. 5.3. Noldus is entitled to terminate the EULA immediately upon prior written notice upon: a. the breach of any material provision of this Agreement by the End-User if (i) such breach is not curable or (ii) if curable, the End-User has not cured such breach within 30 (thirty) day period following receipt of a written notice by Noldus substantiating such breach ("ingebrekestelling"); I - End-User License Agreement b. the filing or institution of bankruptcy, liquidation or receivership proceedings of the End-User or in the event a receiver or custodian is appointed for the End-User's business, or if its business is discontinued or if it has a petition presented by a creditor for its winding up or if the End-User enters into any liquidation (other than for purpose of reconstruction or amalgamation. 5.4. Upon termination of the EULA, the End-User shall immediately discontinue the use of the Software and remove the software of all computers, destroy all (partial) copies of the Software from all storage media and return the documentation and materials relating to the Software to Noldus or its Authorized Partner. 5.5. Termination of this Agreement does not remove or reduce End-User's obligation to pay any outstanding license fees or other monies, all of which shall be due for payment immediately on termination of the EULA. 5.6. The following provisions shall survive termination of this EULA: Sections 3, 7, 9, 10 and this Section 5.6. In addition, any other provisions which are required to interpret and enforce the Parties' rights and obligations under the EULA shall also survive any termination or expiration of this EULA, but only to the extent required for the full observation and performance of the EULA. 6. WARRANTY 6.1. Noldus warrants that the Software as of the date of delivery to the End-User by Noldus or its Authorized Partner, the Software will, for a period of 90 days ("Warranty Period") materially conform to the specifications set out in the user documentation accompanying
the Software ("Specifications"), provided that:
a. the Software is properly installed on a supported computer platform (as defined in documents that can be accessed on https://my.noldus.com) and used in accordance with the provisions of the accompanying user documentation and/or any Noldus-approved training course; b. Noldus is notified in writing within 14 days after any non-conformity of the Software was known or should reasonably have been known to End-User and the End-User has made available all the information that might reasonably be required to allow Noldus to investigate, recreate and where possible remedy a non-conformity; c. the Software has not been (a) altered, repaired or modified by any party other than Noldus or a third party provider approved by Noldus; or (b) used with software or a computer platform other than set out in the documents that can be accessed on https://my.noldus.com or have been subjected to negligence, or computer or electrical malfunction; or (c) were used, adjusted, or installed other than in accordance with instructions by Noldus. 6.2. Other than set out in Section 6.1, no warranties are expressed or implied with respect Software or any element thereof, including without limitation its quality, performance, I - End-User License Agreement accuracy, merchantability or suitability or fitness for any purpose, whether or not that purpose has been communicated by End-User to Noldus. The Software is a general product developed by Noldus for a wide range of solutions, requirements and situations and End- User is responsible for purchasing the Software required for his needs. Noldus explicitly does not warrant that the Software shall be entirely without error or fault nor that it will operate without interruption. End-User agrees that such errors, faults or interruptions shall not be deemed material and cause to terminate this EULA. 6.3. The warranty by Noldus set out in Section 6.1 applies only to the first installation of the Software and will not apply, resume or renew upon delivery or installation of any subsequent update or upgrade to the Software, alteration in the number of EULA's granted for use of the Software, or any other extensions, upgrades or alterations to the Software where the Software has previously been delivered to or installed by the End-User. 6.4. The warranty by Noldus set out in Section 6.1 shall further not apply to Software that is licensed or otherwise made available at no cost, or Software that is designated as 'prototype', 'alpha' or 'beta' code, all of which are provided 'as is' and without warranty, representation or liability. 6.5 Upon receipt of an End-User's written notice of the Software not conforming to the Specifications during the Warranty Period, Noldus shall at its option and in its sole discretion (i) assist the Customer in correcting or replacing the non-conforming Software or, (ii) terminate the EULA immediately and refund the purchase price paid by the End-User. The remedies described above shall be End-User's sole and exclusive remedies. Upon expiration of the Warranty Period, Noldus shall have no obligation to provide such remedies. 6.6 Noldus and Authorized Partners, are not responsible for maintaining or supporting use of the Software or obligated to provide any updates, fixes or support to the Software unless otherwise expressly agreed in writing between End-User and Noldus or the Authorized Partners. 7. USE LIMITATION; LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION 7.1. End-User acknowledges that the Software is intended for research or training purposes only and agrees not to use the Software for diagnosis or treatment of disease in human subjects. End-User agrees not to use the Software in any application where the failure, malfunction or inaccuracy of the Software carries the risk of death or bodily injury. 7.2. Noldus Software shall not be used for collection of biometric data from human subjects without prior informed consent from the person whose data is being captured. 7.3. Noldus does not allow the use of its Software for the following applications: a. Active defense, i.e. embedding Noldus Software in a weapon system. b. Biometric data collection in criminal, security-related or similar investigations or procedures. c. Surveillance of people in public spaces for security purposes. I - End-User License Agreement d. Any other use that may potentially violate fundamental human rights (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights). 7.4. If Noldus notices that its Software is used for applications that it does not approve, this may lead to discontinuation of customer support and termination of the EULA. 7.5. To the fullest extent permitted by law, and not withstanding any other provision of this EULA to the contrary: a. In no event will Noldus or the Authorized Partners be liable to the End-User for Indirect Losses or for special, incidental, consequential, exemplary, enhanced, or punitive damages, including without limitation, any damages resulting from interruption of business, loss of use, loss of profits or revenue, or loss of business, arising out of or in connection with this EULA, the Software, or the performance of Noldus, the Authorized Partners, or third parties engaged by Noldus in the performance of this EULA, regardless of whether Noldus, the Authorized Partners, End-User, or any other person or entity has been advised of (or could have reasonably foreseen) the possibility of such damages or Indirect Losses. If, despite the provisions in this EULA, liability exists anyway, only direct damage will be eligible for reimbursement. 7.6. Noldus' and Authorized Partners' liability shall also be excluded, and Noldus and the Authorized Partners shall not have any liability under this EULA in the event of: a. End-User's use of the Software other than in accordance with Section 7.1; b. in the event of direct and indirect consequences of the End-User's failing to adhere strictly to the user documentation provided or made available by Noldus or the Authorized Partner; or c. any loss of or damage to files or data howsoever caused. 7.7. A liability claim will be unenforceable and lapse unless Noldus or the Authorized Partner receives a written notice thereof no later than 6 months after the discovery of an event or circumstance that gives or may give rise to that claim. 7.8. Noldus will hold harmless, defend, and indemnify End-User from and against all losses, damages, claims, liabilities, and expenses incurred by End-User that arise out of, relate to, or are caused by any third party claim that End-User's use of the Software, pursuant to the terms of the this EULA, infringes the intellectual property rights of such third party. If such a claim is made or appears likely to be made, Noldus, at its option, will have the right to either (i) procure for the End-User the right to continue to use the Software, (ii) modify or replace the Software so that it is no longer infringing (in a manner that substantially retains its functionality and quality), or (iii) require End-User to terminate the use of and return the Software and refund a pro rata portion, if any, of the amount paid by End-User to Noldus for the infringing Software. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Noldus will have no liability to End- User if the infringement results from use of the Software in combination with software not provided by Noldus or from modifications made by Noldus to conform to specifications provided by End-User. The indemnification obligations in this section are subject to: (i) End- I - End-User License Agreement User giving Noldus prompt written notice of any claim (provided that End-User's failure to provide prompt written notice will only relieve Noldus of its obligations under this Section to the extent such failure materially limits or prejudices Noldus' ability to defend or settle such claim); (ii) the transfer of sole control of the defense and any related settlement negotiations to Noldus; and (iii) End-User's cooperation, at Noldus' expense, in the defense of such claim. THIS SECTION STATES END-USER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES FOR THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT CLAIMS. 7.9. End-User shall indemnify and hold harmless Noldus, the Authorized Partners, and the third parties engaged by Noldus from and against any and all losses (including Indirect Losses and special, incidental, consequential, exemplary, enhanced, or punitive damages) arising out of or caused by (i) any failure in the performance of the obligations of the End- User under the law, this EULA, or Noldus' General Terms and Conditions, or (ii) any and all third party claims on any grounds whatsoever, directly or indirectly related to the End-User's use of the Software, the contents thereof, or any results or materials generated by the Software. 7.10. THE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 7 SHALL APPLY EVEN IF END-USER'S REMEDIES UNDER THIS EULA FAIL OF THEIR ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. 7.11. Noldus and End-User acknowledge and agree that the parties entered into this EULA in reliance upon the limitations of liability set forth in this Section 7, that the same reflect an allocation of risk between the parties (including the risk that a contract remedy may fail of its essential purpose and cause consequential loss), and that the same form an essential basis of the bargain between the parties. 8. MISCELLANEOUS 8.1. Parties may communicate with each other by electronic mail. Parties recognize the risks associated with electronic mail and declare that they shall not hold each other liable for any damage incurred by either of them as a result of the use of electronic mail. If a Party is in doubt as to the content of an electronic message received, the content of the message originating with the sender shall be decisive. 8.2. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision this EULA shall not affect or limit the validity or enforceability of any other provisions thereof. Any such invalid or unenforceable provision shall be deemed to be substituted by a provision that is considered to be valid and enforceable. The interpretation of the substituting provision shall be as close as possible to the economic, legal and commercial objectives of the severed provision. 8.3. Failure by Noldus or the Authorized Partner to enforce any of its rights under the EULA shall not constitute a waiver of such rights thereunder and shall not relieve End-User of its obligation to comply with such provisions. No waiver or amendment of any provisions therein shall be effective unless signed in writing by a Noldus representative. Any such written waiver shall only be applicable to the specific instance to which it relates and shall not be deemed to be a continuing or future waiver. I - End-User License Agreement 8.4. Amendments or changes to this EULA can only be agreed upon in writing between the Parties. 8.5. The EULA shall be binding upon the Parties thereto, their legal representatives, successors and assigns. End-User shall not assign any right or obligation arising out of this EULA without the prior written consent of Noldus. Any attempt by End-User to assign or delegate any obligation hereunder shall be deemed null and void. 9. GOVERNING LAW: END-USERS USA OR CANADA 9.1. If End-User is a legal entity and its principal place of business is located in the United States of America or Canada, or if End-User is an individual whose primary residence is located in the United States of America or Canada: a. This EULA is exclusively governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia and the applicable federal laws of the United States of America, without regard to the conflicts of law provisions of any jurisdiction. Without limiting the previous sentence, End-User and Noldus expressly agree: (i) that the Virginia Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, Virginia Code §§ 59.1-501.1 et seq. ("UCITA"), and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG") are expressly excluded from this EULA, (ii) that any and all terms contained in UCITA or CISG will have no force or effect on any portion of this EULA, and (iii) that UCITA and CISG do not apply to this EULA or the Software. b. Any and all claims and disputes arising out of or in connection with this EULA, the Software, or the performance or non-performance by either party of any of its obligations under this EULA, which End-User and Noldus cannot resolve amicably within a reasonable period of time, will be commenced and maintained only in a state or federal court of competent subject matter jurisdiction situated or located in the United States of America. Noldus and End-User consent to the exclusive personal jurisdiction of and venue in any such court. c. To the extent permitted by law: End-User must commence or file any claim or action arising out of or relating to this EULA or the Software within six months after the cause of action accrues, otherwise, such claim or cause of action is permanently barred. To the extent permitted by law, End-User expressly waives the right to commence or file any such claim or action under any longer statute of limitations. 10. GOVERNING LAW: END-USERS OTHER COUNTRIES 10.1. If End-User is a legal entity and its principal place of business is located in any country other than the United States of America or Canada, or if End-User is an individual whose primary residence is located in any country other than the United States of America or Canada: a. This EULA is exclusively governed by the laws of The Netherlands. The United National Convention for Contracts on the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. I - End-User License Agreement b. Any disputes arising out or in connection with this EULA that cannot be solved amicably within a reasonable period of time will be submitted to the competent court in Arnhem, The Netherlands, for any dispute with End-Users having their principal place of business in the European Union. In the event that an End-User has its principal place of business outside the European Union, the United States of America or Canada, any dispute shall be finally settled in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Netherlands Arbitration Institute. Location shall be Arnhem, The Netherlands. The arbitration procedure shall be conducted by one (1) arbiter in the English language. J - Acknowledgments and Copyright notices
J Acknowledgments And Copyright Notices
CatWalk™ is a trademark of Noldus Information Technology BV. CatWalk XT would not be what it is without the use of third-party software. This page lists software libraries and other software products used in CatWalk XT and where you can find license and compliance information and/or acknowledgments for that product.
Boost
Open source (Boost community) software library, C++ templates. Link/License: Boost software license http://www.boost.org/users/license.html
FFmpeg
Cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio and video https://ffmpeg.org Noldus IT does not own FFmpeg or any component thereof. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 https://ffmpeg.org/legal.html
HASP
Library for software protection. EULA https://supportportal.gemalto.com/ csm?id=kbarticleview&syskbid=f8ad2d43db19ff04d298728dae96195d&sysparm_articl e=KB0018933 Thales Group https://cpl.thalesgroup.com/
OpenCV 4.7.0
Software library for various computer vision problems http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/research/intel-research.html Apache License 2.0 https://github.com/opencv/opencv/blob/master/LICENSE J - Acknowledgments and Copyright notices
OpenCvSharp
OpenCV wrapper for .NET https://github.com/shimat/opencvsharp Apache License 2.0 https://github.com/shimat/opencvsharp/blob/master/LICENSE
Wix Toolset
- Numerics
2D Footprint Intensities - 99 exporting to video - 161 3D Footprint Intensities - 97 exporting to video - 161 3D-chart overview of complete data - 95
- A
Abdomen label - 74, 122 Abort runs - 53 About CatWalk XT - 13 Accounted Steps - 116 Acquire data see Data Acquisition Acquired Runs list - 60 Acquisition Settings background image - 53 run settings - 53 sound feedback - 54 specifying - 53 Acquisition Status - 64 Activating data segmentation profiles - 151 parameter profile - 151 Active run, exporting - 152 Adding an incomplete print - 77 data segmentation profile - 92 experiment setup profiles - 43 parameter profile - 96 prints - 77 time points - 38 treatment groups - 38 trials - 41 Add-on module - 19 Adjusting the Green Intensity Threshold after acquisition - 67 All runs from active trial, exporting - 152 Alternate Footfall Pattern - 103 AMT - 125 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - 139 Analyzing Data - 91 run statistics - 104 visualization - 97 Anchor - 124 Anchor start - 124 Angular Deviation - 179 Animal ID - 41 Animal training - 47 Animal Type - 37, 148 ANT - 125 Applications of CatWalk - 10 Arthritis - 143 Assembly Instructions - 16 Assigning labels manual - 73 speeding up - 75 Asterisk - 65 Auto Save - 44 Automatic Footprint Classification requirements - 70 scenarios for classification - 67 Average Speed in data selection - 95 of a recorded run - 60 Index of selected steps - 92 Average speed - 119 Average speed interval - 94 Average speed should range from - 92 AVI, uncompressed - 161, 162
- B
Background Image - 53 Backup - 13, 149 Backup file - 149 Bar Chart - 130 Bar width - 132 Base of Support - 119 Base of Support sheet - 118 Beep see sound feedback Body Axis - 88 Body Speed - 92, 115 Body Speed Variation - 115 Busy/alive light - 33
- C
Cadence - 120 Calibrating the walkway - 36 Calibration x-unit - 105 y-unit - 105 Camera - 9, 35, 48 Camera connection lost - 62 Camera Gain - 51 Camera position - 35, 57 Carrying out data acquisition - 58 CatWalk 7.x - 147 CatWalk error - 83 CatWalk history - 185 CatWalk XT 8/9 experiment converting - 147, 148 opening - 147 Cerebellar ataxia - 139 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - 144 Chart height - 131 Chart size (circular) - 132 Chart type - 130 Chart width - 131 Charts - 129 chart type - 130 exporting - 159 Charts settings - 130 Circular charts - 132, 133 Circular distributions - 176 Circular group mean - 180 Circular mean - 176 Circular scale - 134 Circular Standard Deviation - 179 Classification error detection - 84 Classification scenarios - 67 Classification Settings - 71 only assign a label when the Max Intensity is higher than - 71 reset all assigned labels when applying the AFC - 71 Classification Status - 90 Classifying prints - 67 Classifying Runs graphical results - 79 numerical results - 81 zooming in / out - 75 Classifying toes see Interactive Footprint Measurements - 86 Cleaning the glass plate - 57 Clipboard copy to - 81, 99, 103 Clipboard copy to - 80 Codes - 116 Color preferences - 45 Colorized mode - 80 Combining stances - 76 Complete Data Overview - 94 Index Complete print - 110 Completely classified - 90 Compliant/Non-compliant - 60 Computer requirements - 16 Confidence limits - 181 Configuring Detection Settings - 48 Control Unit - 33 firmware upgrade - 33 turning on/off - 33 Conversion error - 148 Converting a CatWalk XT 8/9 experiment - 147 Copying text in the trial list - 42 Copyright notices - 198 Correcting catwalk error - 83 interactive footprint measurements errors - labeling error - 82 Corridor position - 57 Couplings - 126 parameter profile - 96 Couplings sheet - 126 Creating an experiment - 147 backup file - 149 data segmentation profiles - 150 experiment setup profiles - 43 parameter profile - 150 Cruciate Footfall Pattern - 103 CStat AD - 125, 130, 179 CStat Mean - 125, 130, 133 CStat R - 125, 130 CStat SD - 125, 130, 179 Current Green Intensity Threshold - 68 CWE file - 147 CWZ file - 149
- D
Data Acquisition - 56 snap background - 58 status message - 62 Data points in circular chart - 134 Data Segmentation see Selecting Data - 92 Data Segmentation Profile - 92 activating - 151 adding - 92 creating - 150 duplicating - 151 opening - 151 Data selection see Selecting Data - 92 Data series - 131 Default settings for Detection Settings - Defining the layout of the walkway - 35 Defining the Trial List - 41 Deleting data segmentation profiles - 151 experiment setup profiles - 44 parameter profile - 151 run - 150 runs - 63 time points - 38 treatment groups - 39 trial - 150 trials - 42 Detection Settings camera gain - 51 configuring - 48 frames before delta - 51 green intensity threshold - 51 intensity minimum - 51 manual - 51 maximum intensity - 51 maximum range from - 51 minimum intensity - 51 range - 52 Detection Settings Profiles - 48 default values - 49 for mice - 49 for rats - 49 Discard aborted runs - 53 incomplete prints - 54 non-compliant runs - 54 Index Distance Units - 44 Dongle see hardware key Drivers - 164 Duplicating data segmentation profiles - 151 experiment setup profiles - 43 parameter profile - 151 Duty Cycle (%) - 113
- E
End-User License Agreement - 189 Excel - 104, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160 Exclude non-compliant runs - 93 Exclude partially classified runs - 93 Experiment - 36 backup and restore - 149 creating - 36, 147 opening - 147 saving - 148 Experiment Explorer data selection status of trials and runs - 65 Experiment Settings animal type - 37 specifying - 37 time points - 38 treatment groups - 38 Experiment Setup Profiles adding - 43 deleting - 44 duplicating - 43 opening - 43 renaming - 43 Export active trial - 157 Export all runs from active trial - 154 Export all runs from all trials - 154 Export all trials - 157 Export file group statistics - 160 run statistics - 155 trial statistics - 158 Exporting 2D visualizations to video - 161 3D visualizations to video - 161 all runs from active trial - 152 camera gain - 155, 159 charts - 159 footfall patterns to video - 161 green intensity threshold - 155, 159 max intensity - 153 mean intensity - 153 means - 155, 157 min intensity - 153 print area - 153 print length - 153 print width - 153 run data - 152 run data export file - 152 run statistics - 153 run video - 161 standard deviation - 155, 157 trial statistics - 156 visualizations to video - 160 x-unit - 155, 159 y-unit - 155, 159 Exporting active run - 152 Exporting Data - 152
- F
False Color mode - 80 Filtering out signals - 68 Firmware of Control Unit - 33, 34 Five Number Summary Chart - 130 Font size - 131 Footfall Formula - 128, 174 Footfall Patterns - 100, 116 alternate - 103 cruciate - 103 exporting to video - 161 labels - 103 rotate - 103 Footprint Intensities 2D chart - 99 3D chart - 97 Frame rate - 105 Frames before delta - 51
- G
Gait formulas - 174 Index General sheet - 105 camera gain - 105 frame rate - 105 green intensity threshold - 105 x-unit - 105 y-unit - 105 Genitalia label - 74, 122 Glass plate cleaning - 57 Goal box - 47, 48, 57 Graphical Results - 79 print view - 79 timing view - 80 Graphs see Charts Gray paw prints - 97, 104 Green Intensity Threshold adjusting after acquisition - 67 classification - 67 detection settings - 51 effect on run statistics - 69 Green Walkway Light adjusting intensity - 52 Group charts - 130 Group statistics - 129
- H
Hardware key - 17, 20 Heels not visible - 88 Help topics - 13 Hip label - 74, 122 History of CatWalk - 185 Horizontal axis - 130 Huntington's disease - 144
- I
IFM see Interactive Footprint Measurements Independent variable see Treatment Groups see Trial List Initial Contact At (s) - 106 Initial Dual Stance - 114 Installation of software - 17 Intensity adjusting the green walkway light - 52 adjusting the red ceiling light - 52 Intensity minimum - 51 Interactive Footprint Measurements - 37, body axis - 88 correcting errors - 89 intermediate toe spread - 88 manual print length - 88 paw angle body axis - 88 paw angle movement vector - 88 toe spread - 87 Intermediate Toe Spread - 88, 114 Interval average speed - 94 speed variation - 94 Ischemia - 138
- J
Junk labeling - 77 removing - 77
- K
Knee label - 74, 122
- L
Labeling error - 82 Labeling Junk - 77 Labeling non-paw prints - 67, 74 Labels - 74 exporting - 162 of footfall patterns - 103 show/hide - 79 Left and right determining - 73 Length of defined walkway - 159 License Agreement - 189 License Info - 13, 19 Light conditions - 48, 51 Index
- M
Manual Detection Settings - 51 Manual Print Length - 88, 114 Max Contact Area - 108 Max Contact at - 76 Max Contact At (%) - 108 Max Contact At (s) - 108 Max Intensity - 108, 112 Max Intensity at (%) - 111 Max Intensity at (s) - 111 Maximum allowed speed variation - 92 Maximum allowed speed variation in data selection - 95 Maximum Intensity - 51 Maximum number of runs - 40 Maximum range from - 51 Maximum run duration - 40 Maximum run recording - 61 Maximum Variation (%) - 120 Maximum variation of a recorded run - Mean exporting - 157 Mean (circular) - 125, 176 Mean Intensity - 109 Mean intensity - 112 Mean Intensity of the 15 Most Intense Pixels - 112 Mean of mean phase lags - 130 Mean speed see average speed Mean, exporting - 155 Mechanical allodynia - 109 Min Intensity - 112 Minimum number of compliant runs to acquire - 40 Minimum number of consecutive steps per run - 92 Minimum run duration - 40 Monoarthritis - 143 Motor coordination - 140 Mouse - 37
- N
N - 119, 129 Neuropathic pain - 109, 137 Noldus Support - 13 Non-compliant - 60 Non-compliant runs, discard - 54 Normal Color mode - 80 Normal Patterns - 116 Nose label - 74, 122 Number of selected animals - 93 selected runs - 93 selected steps - 93 Number of steps - 120 Numerical Results - 81 image - 81 initial contact (s) - 81 max contact area - 81 max contact at (s) - 81 max intensity - 82 mean intensity - 82 print - 81 print area - 82 print length - 82 print width - 82 stand (s) - 81
- O
Only assign a label when the Max Intensity is higher than - 71 Opening a run - 150 a trial - 150 an experiment - 147 backup file - 149 catwalk xt 8/9 experiment - 147 data segmentation profiles - 151 experiment setup profiles - 43 parameter profile - 151 Index Operating system - 16 Original Green Intensity Threshold adjusting green intensity threshold - 68 Osteoarthritis - 143 Other Statistics sheet - 119 average speed - 119 cadence - 120 maximum variation (%) - 120 number of steps - 120 other prints - 122 Peroneal functional index - 121 Sciatic functional index - 120 Tibial functional index - 121 Overlay Text exporting - 162 show/hide - 79
- P
Pain research - 109, 114 Parameter Profile - 96 activating - 151 adding - 96 creating - 150 deleting - 151 duplicating - 151 opening - 151 renaming - 151 Parameter selection see Selecting Parameters Parkinson's disease - 141 Partially classified - 90 Pasting text in the trial list - 42 Paw Angle Body Axis - 88, 114 Paw Angle Movement Vector - 88, 114 Paw print labels - 74 Paw Statistics - 106 body speed - 115 body speed variation - 115 duty cycle (%) - 113 initial contact at (s) - 106 initial dual stance - 114 intermediate toe spread - 114 manual print length - 114 max contact area - 108 max contact at (%) - 108 max contact at (s) - 108 max intensity - 108, 112 max intensity at (%) - 111 max intensity at (s) - 111 mean intensity - 109, 112 mean intensity of the 15 most intense pixels - min intensity - 112 paw - 106 paw angle body axis - 114 paw angle movement vector - 114 print area - 110 print length - 110 print width - 110 single stance - 114 stand - 106 stand index - 106 step cycle - 113 stride length - 112 swing - 112 swing speed - 112 terminal dual stance - 114 toe spread - 113 x - 109 y - 110 Paws parameter profile - 96 PC report - 14 Peculiarities - 125 Peroneal Functional Index - 86, 121 formula for mice - 121 formula for rats - 121 Phase Dispersions - 123 anchor duration - 124 anchor start - 124 Cstat - 125 parameter profile - 96 peculiarities - 125 target start - 125 value - 124 variability - 140 Phase Dispersions sheet - 123 Playback speed see Speed Playing back runs see Reviewing Runs Power light - 33 Preferences colors - 45 Index setting - 44 Preparing Data Acquisition - 46 Preparing the walkway - 57 Principle of operation - 9 Print Area - 110 Print Length - 110 Print Positions - 122 Print Positions sheet - 122 Print Width - 110 Prints adding - 77 discard incomplete prints - 54
- R
Rat - 37 Ready for acquisition - 61 Recording Run - 62 Rectangles exporting - 162 show/hide - 79 Red Ceiling Light adjusting intensity - 52 Red light - 48 References - 184 Refsum disease - 144 Removing junk prints - 77 Renaming data segmentation profiles - 151 experiment setup profiles - 43 parameter profile - 151 Requirements for automatic classification - 70 Reset all assigned labels when applying the AFC - 71 Restore - 13, 149 Reviewing Runs - 62, 78 graphical results - 79 numerical results - 81 video window - 78 Rotate Footfall Pattern - 103 Run Average Speed - 60, 105 Run Average Speed vs Average Speed - 92 Run Criteria - 39 maximum run duration - 40 minimum number of compliant runs to ac- quire - 40 minimum run duration - 40 use maximum allowed speed variation - 40 Run Data, exporting - 152 Run Duration - 60, 105 Run Maximum Variation - 60, 105 Run Settings - 53 auto abort runs... - 53 discard aborted runs - 53 discard incomplete prints - 54 discard non-compliant runs - 54 Run Statistics - 104 exporting - 153 general sheet - 105 grouped - 129 paw statistics sheet - 106 step sequence sheet - 115 summary sheet - 104 Run Video, exporting - 161 Run Visualizations, exporting - 160 Running speed see speed Runs acquired runs list - 60 auto-abort - 53 classification status - 90 completely classified - 90 compliant - 60 corrupt - 150 deleting - 63, 150 discard in run settings - 53 maximum number to acquire - 40 non-compliant - 60 opening - 150 partially classified - 90 playing back - 62 reviewing - 62, 78 visualization - 97
- S
Sample experiments - 12 Index Sample size - 129 Saving an experiment - 148 Saving Preferences - 149 Saving Settings - 149 Sciatic Functional Index - 37, 86, 120 formula for mice - 120 formula for rats - 120 settings - 89 Sciatic nerve injury - 142 Selected Animals, number of - 93 Selected Data Overview - 93 Selected Runs, number of - 93 Selected Steps, number of - 93 Selecting Data - 92 average speed should range from - 92, 95 maximum allowed speed variation - 92, 95 minimum number of consecutive steps per run - 92, 95 overview of complete data - 94 overview of selected data - 93 parameter profile - 96 Selecting data trial and run status in project explorer - 64 Selecting Parameters - 96 Selecting the camera - 35 SEM - 130 Setting Preferences - 44 Setting up an experiment - 32 Setting up the walkway - 34 Show All Prints - 80, 81 Show filtered out signals - 68 Show Labels - 80 Show Rectangles - 80 Single Stance - 114 Sorting the Trial List - 42 Sound Feedback - 54 Specifying Acquisition Settings - 53 Specifying Experiment Settings - 37 Speed average - 119 average run speed - 60 maximum variation - 60, 120 playback - 62, 78 swing speed - 112 Speed variation interval - 94 Spinal cord injury - 106, 108, 117, 119, 126, 136 Stance combine with previous or next - 76 see also Stand Stand - 106 Stand Index - 106 combining stances - 76 Standard Deviation exporting - 155, 157 Standard error - 119, 130 Standing on % - 128 Start Acquisition - 59 Starting up CatWalk XT - 33 Step Cycle - 113 Step sequence - 116 Step Sequence sheet - 115 codes - 116 footfall patterns - 116 normal patterns - 116 step sequence - 116 Stop Acquisition - 59 Stride Length - 112 Stroke - 138 Summary sheet - 104 base of support - 105 couplings - 105 paw statistics - 104 phase dispersions - 105 print positions - 105 step sequence - 104 support - 105 Summary statistics - 104 Support Formula - 127 Support formula - 174 Support sheet - 127 footfall formula - 128 standing on % - 128 support formula - 127 Swing - 112 Index Swing Speed - 112 Switch to 'Normal/False Color' mode - 80 System Variables acquisition status - 41 classification status - 42 compliant runs - 42 total runs - 41
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Tail label - 74, 122 Target - 125 start - 125 Technical Support - 14 Terminal Dual Stance - 114 Tibial Functional Index - 86, 121 formula for mice - 121 formula for rats - 121 Time and frame information - 79 exporting - 162 Time Point in data selection - 93 Time Points - 38, 41 adding - 38 deleting - 38 TNA - 125 Toe classification see Interactive Footprint Measurements Toe Spread - 87, 113 Training animals - 47 Treatment Group in data selection - 93 Treatment Groups - 38 adding - 38 deleting - 39 Trial List animal - 41 copying text - 42 defining - 41 sorting - 42 time point - 41 Trial Selection - 58 Trials adding multiple trials - 41 classification status - 90 completely classified - 90 deleting - 42, 150 opening - 150 partially classified - 90 Troubleshooting - 167 Tutorial videos - 13
- U
Uncompressed AVI export - 161, 162 Units see distance units Upgrade key - 13 Upgrading - 17 USB cable - 33 Use maximum allowed speed variation - User rights - 16
- V
Variability of phase dispersions - 140 Vector length - 133 Vector orientation - 133 Velocity see speed Video exporting - 161 Video frame rate - 105 Video window - 78 Visualization 2D footprint intensities - 99 2d footprint intensities - 99 3D footprint intensities - 97 3d footprint intensities - 97 exporting - 160 footfall patterns - 100 Visualizing data - 97
- W
Waiting for animal to leave the walkway Index - 62 Waiting for background snapshot of empty walkway to be taken - 61 Waiting for run to start - 62 Walking Direction - 60 Walkway calibrating - 36 defining the layout - 35 preparing - 57 Walkway Length - 159 Warm up of the CatWalk system - 33 What's new in CatWalk XT - 11 Width of defined walkway - 159 Wildcard - 65 Windows 10 - 16 Windows 11 - 16
- X
X - 109 X-Unit - 105
- Y
Y - 110 Y-Unit - 105
- Z
Zooming in / out - 75
Source: CatWalk XT 10.7 - Reference Manual